10 Facts to Imbue the Culture Research Paper with Catchy Info

10 Facts to Imbue the Culture Research Paper with Catchy Info The civilization is a product of the human activity. It grants the birth to various products of culture and a wide spectrum of phenomena which depict the state of society in various periods of time. The purpose of a culture research paper is to present an analysis of some cultural element and expose it to the public. The student is capable of conducting a deeper insight into some particular cultural element and either describe it or provide an investigation to detect some peculiarities or attract some public attention to the studied case. Here you will find ten interesting facts about the culture based on which you will be capable of organizing the material for the research paper on the culture of any type including arts and pop culture essay topics. The Facts about Culture that Will Help to Add Some Catchy Information Culture is everywhere.  This is the most fundamental fact about the culture of humanity. It is described in the definition of the term. The products of culture are the results of mutual work between all people in the world. Basically, this fact makes it easy to select the most appropriate topic for writing as any piece of literature, architecture, art, society is the product of culture. The scientist can analyze either past or add a deeper insight into the modern phenomenon. Culture is social.  Culture is not created by a single person only. It is a product of the activity of numerous representatives of mankind within a particular period of time. Interassociation between numerous people would be a decent addition to the research paper. It is advisable to select several representatives within a single time lap so that it was possible to define characteristic peculiarities of the studied topic. Culture is shared.  Culture is the entity that is shared between the society. Some writers can concentrate upon some mutual events within a single area like some sort of traditions or beliefs. The comparison with other traditions from a different area would be also a fine idea for investigation writing. The detection of some mutual and opposing features will be quite interesting to read about. Culture is historically transmitted.  The history of culture is among the most studied aspects of the science. The history of humanity is comprised of numerous events, and they gave birth to a variety of cultural achievements. It is consistently passed from one generation to another while adding some totally new elements to known culture creations. Culture is an everlasting process.  The most interesting fact about the culture is that it is constantly developing at the changeable speed. That is why it would be advisable to study the culture in progress. The growth of culture should be studied together with all background data, and all of them should be presented in the text for a more fundamental research. Culture is life-implemented.  Culture does not exist aside from the humanity. That is why you should add a fact with its impact on the society. Besides this, the culture can be studied together by means of other sciences as together the result will be more productive and reliable. Culture is flexible.  Culture is not a rigid entity. It is constantly changing under the influence of some side catalyzers. Adding information about some crucial events to the text can improve the quality of the culture research paper. You can also compare the studied object before or after some turning points. Culture is the response to outer factors.  We can consider culture the soul of the society. It is the emotions that react to the things that are taking place among humans. While working on some topic, think what gave birth to the origin of the cultural phenomenon and what contributed to its being what it is now. Culture is in the language.  You can better understand a culture of other people when you start learning the language/-es they speak. Many interesting, sometimes, shocking cultural things are entwined in the language. Moreover, learning foreign languages helps get rid of cultural chinches imposed on us by TV and social media. Ancient culture – the mother of all the modern cultures.  Most traditions, rituals, tendencies in various spheres of the modern life have already existed. Scientists discovered dozens of ancient civilizations who used most of the modern trends and even inventions. We should think that all that we’ve invented is original. In most cases, it is the second life of things that were habitual thousands of years ago. Accept the fact that culture is our greatest richness, and all of us contribute to the creation of the culture the way it is. There are endless opportunities for studying the culture, and all of them have something fascinating to offer to the public. All the information that will be presented in the culture investigation will certainly be fascinating and attractive for every reader who is interested in social events. References: Schwartz, T. (1981). The acquisition of culture. Ethos, 9, 4-17.  https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1525/eth.1981.9.1.02a00020 Global Culture/Individual Identity: Searching for Home in the Cultural Supermarket. Gordon Mathews. New York: Routledge, 2000. 228 pp.  https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=ros1GR2ykH8Cprintsec=frontcoverhl=uksource=gbs_ViewAPIredir_esc=y#v=onepageqf=false Spencer-Oatey, H. (2012) What is culture? A compilation of quotations. GlobalPAD Core Concepts.  https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/al/globalpad/openhouse/interculturalskills/global_pad_-_what_is_culture.pdf Triandis, H. C. (1994) Culture and Social Behavior. New York: McGraw Hill  http://eyewitness.utep.edu/3331/LonnerMalpass1994%20Chap%2024.pdf Levin, Ilya. (2014). CULTURAL TRENDS IN A DIGITAL SOCIETY.  https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ilya_Levin/publication/262414154_CULTURAL_TRENDS_IN_A_DIGITAL_SOCIETY/links/00463537a50e2527ae000000/CULTURAL-TRENDS-IN-A-DIGITAL-SOCIETY.pdf?origin=publication_detail

Japanese Immigrants to the US

Japanese Immigrants to the US Japanese are among the different ethnic groups that immigrated to the United States between 1870s and 1880s. At that time, the Japanese economy was in the transition stage slowly transforming into the economy that it has today, and this led to numerous economic hardships, like unemployment and crime.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Japanese Immigrants to the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bankruptcies were wide spread in the economy and civil disorders were common. Such economic hardships forced most Japanese people to immigrate to the US and particularly to Hawaii (Schaefer, 2011). During the time, the sugar industry in Hawaii was booming, which attracted the Japanese, who were mostly laborers. A decade from 1885, almost 30,000 Japanese have moved to Hawaii seeking jobs and hoping to return home. When America took over the Island of Hawaii in 1900, the sugar plantation owners anticipated the legislatio n of American laws against the contract labors (Johnson, 2010). To beat the ban, they imported about 26,000 laborers from Japan in 1899; this was the single largest group of Japanese to leave for America in one year. Finally, the law annulled the contract labor permitting all the Japanese to migrate freely to the mainland USA. Process of Entering the US For many years, Hawaii was densely populated by the Japanese people, as opposed to other regions in the USA, and it was due to racial discrimination in the country. Racial discrimination was not significant in Hawaii as it was in the mainland US this had become known to the Japanese government, and it stopped issuing passports to citizens wishing to travel to the mainland US.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, many of those who received permission to travel to Hawaii found their way to mainland US (John son, 2010). Americans Attitude to Japanese The initial relationship between the Japanese and the American people were similar to those of Chinese and American relationships, as Chinese had also immigrated as laborers to Hawaii. The Chinese in Hawaii and mainland had ventured into small business and were successful, and this led to resentment and rejection from the Americans because of their hard work. The Japanese had followed the same pattern, initially like a substitute to Chinese labor, but soon there was a growing dislike for Japanese. These attitudes were more severe in the mainland as opposed to Hawaii and regulations were put in place that limited their progress and activities. In Hawaii, the laws limited the movement of the Japanese to more skilled jobs, and in the mainland they were not allowed to own land. The theory of racial profiling can be used to describe the experiences of the Japanese Americans, and it became even worse during the Second World War (Schaefer, 2011). Japanese’s Values and Beliefs Japanese society does not believe in one God like most Americans who believe in God who controls everything and determines the fate of people. The Japanese believe in a number of virtues that affect the character and the destiny of the individuals.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Japanese Immigrants to the US specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Japanese have all along been a collective society as compared to the American way of life where emphasis is made more on group values rather than on individual ones. These social groups play a significant role in helping other members in the community; this could explain their relative success of the Japanese. The Americans are individualistic society, where individuals look on to themselves and the members of the immediate family (Onozawa, 2003). The Japanese have an exceptionally strong filial piety, where all members of the societ y respect the elderly and take care of them. They value them as an excellent source of oral traditions that are passed to future generation. Current Conditions in Japan Since the first immigrants moved to the US, the economic conditions in Japan have changed drastically (Schaefer, 2011). Since 1950, Japan has been among the strongest and the fastest growing economies in the world and by 1995 it had caught up with the American economy. It is now one of the most highly industrialized and developed nations in the world and occupies the third position after the United States and China (Onozawa, 2003). When the first immigrants were heading to the US, the country was primarily agricultural, but now it has turned into an industrialized nation with sectors such as manufacturing, service and trade, playing a vital role in the economy (Onozawa, 2003). According to IMF, Japan has one of the highest per capita incomes, and the unemployment level is extremely low. The country is a member of G8, meaning that it has a powerful influence on the worlds politics and economics.Advertising Looking for research paper on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Japan currently ranks as the top most innovative country in the world, as seen in the number of patents registered. From 1968, Japan was the second largest economy until 2010 when China dislodged it to third position. Almost 70 out of the 500 fortune companies are Japanese, and despite the effects of the Second World War, they emerged with resilience, and its economic growth is almost unbelievable (Schaefer, 2011). Opinion on Their Journey Given the experiences of the Japanese immigrants in the USA, especially during and after the Second World War, the journey did not benefit them; instead they lost all they acquired (Johnson, 2010). When the Pearl Harbor was attacked, it marked a turning point and ushered in the most traumatic experiences of the Japanese immigrants. As a result, many Japanese were murdered and even more were taken to custody and they lost all their investments and jobs. Their assets were liquidated by the state, and after the war Japanese were mostly laborers, whil e those in professional jobs dropped significantly (Johnson, 2010). I would not have made the same decision of moving to the US, in my opinion I would have remained in Japan. Reference List Johnson, R. (2010). Be Good Americans: The Message of the Japanese-American Courier. The Great Depression in Washington State. Retrieved from http://depts.washington.edu/depress/japanese_american_courier_americanism.shtml Onozawa, N. (2003). Immigration from Japan to the U.S.A., Historical Trends and Background. Retrieved from https://www.tsukuba-g.ac.jp/library/kiyou/2003/7.ONOZAWA.pdf Schaefer, R. (2011). Racial and Ethnic Groups. (13th ed.). Washington, DC: Pearson.

Marketing Fundamentals Fall 2012 Midterm Exam Essay

Marketing Fundamentals Fall 2012 Midterm Exam - Essay Example Many of the brand names are available from the three largest producers of soda products, The Dr Pepper Snapple Group, PepsiCo & Coca-Cola Company, are well-intentioned equivalent competitors of each other. The following chart listing these competitors by type or flavor of drink. Many firms seek for a competitive advantage, but few truly realize what it is or how to accomplish and keep it. Competitive advantage is gain by contribution of consumer a superior value than the competitors, by offering lower prices or provided that best quality services or other benefits that give reason for a higher price. The strongest competitive advantage is policy that cannot be imitated by other competitors. Like any company who has effectively endured a century of survival, Coca Cola has had to continue enormously fluent with their pricing strategy. They have the opportunity of a worthy competitor continuously driving them to be better, faster, and smatter. A good or service is measured to be highly elastic if a minor change in price leads to a sharp change in the quantity of Supply or demand. These kinds of products and services are accessible in the marketplace and a person may not necessarily need them in daily life. The Coca-Cola Company uses a different distribution model than all the other FMCG companies. Coca-Cola Company Limited only provides concentrate that actually makes the soft drink through its subsidiaries. This solution is the main ingredient and also is most kept secret recipe ever. It also has number of bottlers all around the globe who obtain the concentrate directly from the company and makes the liquid soft-drink under severe supervision of Coca-Cola Company. Some of the main bottlers of Coca-Cola Company Limited who mostly controls operations of bottling, they are F&N, Swire Group, SABCO etc. commonly known as Anchor Bottlers. After complete bottling operations, this soft drink is efficiently distributed around the world through a very effective

Kindly refer to the instruction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kindly refer to the instruction - Research Paper Example The primary focus is when Mangan is called by her sister for tea. One of the boys spots her in the lighted doorway where she stands and falls for her. The story develops with this boy perusing his love, Mangan (Joyce 17). After close analysis of this short story, it is clear that the narrator uses Mangans sister to portray that love could be misleading and hurting given some circumstances. The narrator describes a boy developing a serious crush on his friends older sister since the time he spots her calling his friend. The boys love for Mangans sister can be viewed as poisonous. The boy is seen to fall for Mangans sister because she is not only charming but also good-looking. He notices every detail of her from her tender hair to the feel of her palm. The narrator explains that the boy even follows the girl to school but is continuously unable to express how he feels for the girl. He is too shy to do it. At some point, the narrator terms the boys crush on Mangans sister as no longer a crush. This is because the boy even cries alone due to the pain he experiences perusing this girl in vain. Even harder, it is until later in the story that he can express his feelings in a dramatic manner. This is when he holds Mangans sisters hand to a point that she starts trembling. The boy cant even speak up but only murmurs the words "O love! O love!" severally (Joyce 103). Later on in the narrative, the boy finally gathers courage and decides to talk to the girl. The conversation is, however, not as impressive as expected. Here, the boy lets the girl know of his feelings with the promise of buying her a present from the town’s bazaar. The girl is not impressed by the attempts to lure her. From this description, Mangans sister is used to bring out the hurting aspect of love. She remains as a silent character all through the story. The focus lies on Mangans friend who suffers a great deal due to his feelings for Mangan’s sister.

How far can acts of violence and coercion be attributed to beliefs and Essay

How far can acts of violence and coercion be attributed to beliefs and ideologies Discuss with reference to Block 6 and one oth - Essay Example In many parts of the globe today, there are places where violence is experienced. Violence however, can be prevented through various ways. Evidence shows that there are various implementations that can help do away with violence in the society. Among these implementations are: Developing good relationships between parents and children Education on how to prevent maltreatment Practicing gender equality Having programs in schools that address gender issues and attitudes Reducing the availability of alcohol since the effects are known to be negative to the users Supporting the economic empowerment to avoid misunderstandings among individuals. These are some of the strategies that can be implemented to make certain that violence is done away with. Coercion on the other hand, refers to the use of forceful activity to make an individual or a group of people take to take part in something in a manner which is involuntary. This means it is a situation where individuals are forced to undertak e some activities without their will. Coercion can be in action or inaction through the use of intimidation and threats and some other forces of pressure. This is therefore an act that violates the free will of individuals because they take part in activities when they do not want to. Coercion generally includes blackmail, extortion and torture among other forceful-natured actions. It is an act forcing individuals to act against their own interests resulting to cooperation by the individuals being coerced. In this case, they have to cooperate because there are consequences faced by those who are not willing to do so. To avoid these consequences, they end up obeying all the rules and regulations they are given making sure that they do what is expected of them. This essay seeks to explain the degree to which the acts of violence and coercion can be attributed to beliefs and ideologies. The two issues that will be discussed in this essay are Religion and economy. These are some of the issues that have been influencing how people live with each other for a long time now all over the world. This gives a clear impression that they are sensitive issues and affect the lives of people. They have direct impacts on lives of people because practices therein are undertaken in day-today life. They are among those factors that contribute to differences and the ways in which people associate with each other. This essay will therefore cover Europe as a region in the world to see how these two issues had influence on humans and to what degree they can be attributed to beliefs and ideologies. Looking at the first issue of religion, it is clear that individuals were ordered on what to believe in and how they were to carry out their worship. The nature of the teachings in churches would not change rapidly because there was a specific thing that was supposed to be taught. Following the rules and regulations, it was quite hard for the church leaders to teach what they chose to becau se they could not do it. Attending the communion was a compulsory thing which mans individuals had no choice but to do what they were told. The fact that individuals were forced to worship in some way following rules and regulations they were not willing to, made them have issues with their leaders and at times engaged in violent activities. These leaders practiced coercion out of beliefs that there are some things that were not supposed to be practiced in churches (Wallace, 2004, 48). They came up with the idea that they should control

Current Computing Research on Long Term Data Storage

Current Computing Research on Long Term Data Storage Samuel Kahura Wachira Evaluation of Current Computing Research on Long Term Data Storage Abstract The increasing number of digitized documents and the content explosion that has been experienced in this digital age has necessitated the research into the Long Term Data Storage. There are various methods, modes and approached to this problem. Whichever the solution, it must adhere to these principles: the media or technology should be affordable, flexible, durable and readily accessible and readable by any software. This paper will be examining the current state of available technology for long term data storage, especially on the development of long term storage, the various existing and upcoming hardware, the issues that affect Long Term Storage of Digital data and some possible solutions. In this paper, strategies for preservation of data in specific formats and mediums are also investigated. 1.0 Introduction Long-term data storage is considered to be one of the biggest topics discussed in the field of Information Technology today. This is attributed to the fact that valuable information faces the threat of becoming unreadable owing to overreliance on paper as a medium of storage. In the modern face the danger of becoming unreadable thus the need to digitize the documents by use of Long Term Digital Preservation (LTDP). Factor et. al. (2009), describes Long Term Digital Preservation as being a set of processes, strategies and tools which can be to store and thereafter access digital data for periods long enough in the wake of changing technologies, formats, hardware, software as well as technical communities. There has been an increase in the amount of digital information, as well as the aging of existing digital heritage. Well-publicized examples of such losses have resulted into an urgent need to deal with the challenge of long-term preservation of data. It is therefore important for us to understand the components (both hardware and software), the technology, the standards and the research that is being conducted to give us a stable , larger, faster capacity storage system. We are also able to appreciate the steps that we have made as regards storage size, speed, durability and stability od data storage devices. 1.1 Development of Long Term Digital Storage A study by Kremser (2012), on long term digital storage revealed that as time goes by, there are many risks that threaten data integrity. Some of such threats include: deterioration and/or obsolescence of storage media, obsolescence of the data format or in general the software needed for running the application for accessing the data such as old operating systems. Such a risk is closely related to hardware architectures. It follows therefore that in order to ensure long term data preservation one has to overcome the problem of non-prompt memory institutions, including libraries, museums, archives as well as other cultural heritage institutions. Magnetic tape showed the way to consumer-grade data holding equipment. Since then, storage has pervaded nearly every gadget , electronics, form printers, Home appliances, mobile devices etc. This consumerization is driving the market forces to research more and innovate. Farley (2009) argues that careful selection of the electronic medium essential in order to deal with the many hazards that result from overreliance digital storage media which are not instantly apparent. It is evident that data to be archived needs to be retrievable; otherwise the purpose of archiving is negated. In this regard therefore, the use of the Internet could as well eliminate the need to have a single point data storage in the future, if at all the data can be stored and at the same time be retrieved simultaneously on numerous different host computers given that each individual computer upgraded or replaced, the data is therefore retained on other host computers. Technology and Long Term Data Storage â€Å"Technology comprises of discoveries in sciences, product development and improvement in machinery, process, and automation as well as information technology† (Kurnet, 2012). These developments are changing the way that service firms and consumers interact, and are raising a host of research and practice issues relating to the delivery of e-service. Electronic-service is becoming increasingly important not only to determine the success or failure of electronic commerce, but also in the provision of consumers with a superior experience in regard to the interactive flow of information. Technology has become a leading ‘driving force’ nowadays, in different businesses (Ahmed et. al. (2011). As such it is important to research the investments in technology and their impact in the telecom business. It is particularly essential to assess how technology is reducing the ‘labour intensive activities, reducing service as well as processing cost, increasing service levels, not forgetting improving the productivity and competitiveness of the telecom sector. 1.3 Economics of Long Term Digital Storage Rosenthal et.al (2012) has some interesting findings as regards the Economics of Long Term Digital Storage. In the paper of the same title, the authors analyse and present facts that support the conclusion that the decrease in cost per bit of storage in this decade, is likely to be much slower or it might eventually stop. â€Å"This in turn will make the expenditure commitment implied by a decision to preserve some digital content much bigger and much harder to predict than would be expected on the basis of history†. Rosenthal et.al (2012). Additionally, Rosenthal et.al (2013). and Goldstein et.al (2010) agree that there will be an increase in the importance of developing accurate and predictive models of storage as well as other preservation costs, as IT budgets become ever smaller. When organizations recognize the Total Cost of ownership of preserving data for long periods, they migt consider investing in SSD (Solid Stata Drives) which although are initially expensive, will realize a lower TCO than traditional disks, whilw at the same time improve performace of data read and write operations. Rosenthal et.al (2013). 1.3.1  The OAIS Model According to CCSDS Secretariat (2012), OAIS (Open Archival Information System) is an ISO standard that is intended to be a referential design of digital archives with long term preservation capabilities. Three basic roles are defined in the model: producer, consumer and management. The OAIS Model (CCSDS et al 2012) The OAIS model defines functional entities Ingest, Data Management, Archival Storage, Access, Preservation Planning, and Administration. OAIS is more than a strict specification of referential model. OAIS is a set of vague advice on how to build a digital archive. It identifies some basic actors/roles, describes the data and their flows in the systems. The central notion of OAIS is an information package. There are three types of packages SIP (Submission Information Package), AIP (Archival IP), and DIP (Dissemination IP) depending on the life cycle of the data. The content of those packages slightly differs, but in general there are some descriptive and structural metadata, the manifest describing the content and the data itself. 1.4 Standardization of Formats for Data Archiving In order for data to be readable in future, it will have to adhere to some form of standards. Hajicek and Studensky (2005) were of the opinion that SGML would eventually become the de-facto standard for data archiving, since it covered most of the criteria for archiving. Standard Generalized Markup Language is considered to be an international standard when defining device-independent, as well as system-independent methods of representing texts in electronic form (Goldfarb, 2010). However, Hajicek et.al (2005) also suggest that SGML itself does not provide us with a solution  for presentation of non-textual data and dynamic nonlinear (interactive) documents. XML is a lightweight cut-down version of SGML that keeps just enough of the functionality so as to make it useful. It is therefore aimed at making SGML usable easily. This discussion shows the importance of standardization in the march towards long term data storage. 1.5 Data Storage Media The selection, storage as well as handling of media is very important when it comes to data storage. This is because we need to understand the various storage media that has been in existence, and is still being developed. Some Storage media has also been overtaken by technology, e.g. floppy disks, resulting in rapid discontinuation of previous formats. 1.5.1 Magnetic Media Magnetic media makes use of magnetic particles that which are suspended in a non-magnetic film or metallic disks that are then magnetized.. Magnetic media is a flexible, low cost storage medium that has the ability to retain magnetic charges. It requires Clean operating conditions as well as environments to reduce the scope for damage to media and devices. 1.5.2  Optical Media Optical storage media on the other hand uses laser light to read data from the discs. Optical Storage Media exists in different types such as CD-ROM as well as DVD-ROM (Digital Versatile Disc Read Only Memory). Ross Gow (2012), 2.0  Proposed Modes for Long Term Digital Storage 2.1  Disk The disk industry’s roadmap always predicted a consistent 40% per year improvement with regards to bit density on disk platters, which can be translated to a 40% per year reduction in cost per bit stored. Although in the recent past the industry did not achieve this roadmap target. It is predicted that there is going to be more than a 20%/yr improvement in bit density for the next five years. 2.2  Tape Tape is considered to be an important medium for long-term storage of large amounts of data. This is attributable to low media, costs, low power consumption as well, its relatively high reliability outweigh its long access times. The recording technology that is used by tape is about 8 years behind disk; however it is on approximately the same cost per bit curve as disk. Thus it is expected that tape’s cost per bit will continue dropping, albeit somewhat more slowly as compared to previously, for perhaps another 8 years. This is likely to increase tape’s cost advantage significantly. 2.3  Solid State Memory Solid State drives store data via electronic integrated Circuit systems as memory to store data persistently. SSD drived do not have moveable parts, so they do not suffer from the problems of disks i.e Head-Crash, Overheating, and are better at shock resistsnce than their counterparts. Previously, SD Drives were more expensive than disks and were of less storage capacity, but in the last two years, we have seen an incredible leap from 16Gb to 500GB drives. On a Cost per byte analysis, SSD is still more expensive than traditional disks, but this is envisaged to slowly change as people adopt the new technology and more research and development is carried out. 3.0 Challenges of Storing Electronic Data Ahmed et. al. (2011), argues that preserving electronically-held data presents a problem. The storage media is unstable and is susceptible to physical abuse. Also, the technological advances that are creating lower TCO drives and discs, is leaving in its wake a lot of obsolete equipment still holding the data. The access of this data becomes a problem because of the scarcity of the equipment that is required to read the data presents problems which mostly seem to be â€Å"unsolvable in the face of accelerating technological change†. Ahmed et al (2011) goes further and concludes that optical discs might offer a compelling solution. However, the breakage and scratching that is usually characterized by storage of optical disks might render his argument null and void. Data storage on the internet also seems a compelling alternative where companies pay to store and retrieve the data they require, without the headache of managing the storage devices. Amazon, Rackspace, Google and Microsoft are already on this exciting phase of data storage. However, issues of legislation, privacy, security and accessibility of the data is keeping some people away from this solution. Magnetic Media is cheap, lasts long and is flexible. However, magnetic media are also considered to be vulnerable to corruption via magnetic and electrostatic fields apart from physical and chemical changes that occur during storage. (Russell, 2012). Good technology should only be applied in data storage if it satisfies some basic principles. Proper technology should ensure that information is stored accurately and retrieved immediately it is needed. All technological advances in automation processing, mass data processing and elimination of administrative challenges fall in this category. Farley (2009). 5.0 Conclusion The research has shown that there is still a lot of research to be done as concerns Long term Data Storage. Commercial entities are pushing each other to greater heights of research and innovation in the race to produce the cheapest, largest and fastest devices. This race has seen a lot of hardware becoming obsolete, and in essence, not being supported. The question becomes how to read and extract the data in these obsolete storage media. On the other hand, the introduction of standardized models for long term Data Retention, such as OAIS, will go a long way in helping to achieve the standardization of formats, methods and approaches. On the economics of storing data in the cloud, Rosenthal et.al (2012, 2013) concluded that it is not yet economical to store data on the cloud, as compared to Disk. References Ahmed A, JoAnne Holliday, D. E. Long, Ethan L. Miller, J., and Thomas S (2011). Data management and layout for shingled magnetic recording. IEEE Transactions onMagnetics, 47(10) CCSDS Secretariat (2012). Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System (OAIS), Recommended Practice, CCSDS 650.0-M-2 (Magenta Book) Issue 2, June 2012 Factor, D. Naor, S. Rabinovici-Cohen, L. Ramati, P. Reshef, J. Satran, D.L (2009) Architecture for Preservation-aware Storage. MSST 2007: 3-15. Farley, J. (2009). ‘An Introduction to Archival Materials; new media (PRO Preservation Guide series). Hajicek C, Studensky I, The Long Term Data Storage, FI MU Report Series, July 2005 Kryder, H.M and Chang K. (2009). After Hard Drives-What Comes Next? IEEE Trans. on Magnetics, 45(10), 2009 Neil B. (2012).Digital Preservation Benefit Analysis Tools Project. http://beagrie.com/ krds-i2s2.php, 2012.. Rosenthal, D.S.H., Rosenthal, D.C., Miller, E.L., Adams, I.F., Storer, M.W. Zadok, E. (2012). The Economics of Long-term Digital Storage. Paper presented at The Memory of the World in the Digital Age Conference, Vancouver, BC. Retrieved from http://www.lockss.org/locksswp/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/unesco2012.pdf Rosenthal, D.S.H, Vargas D.L (2013) Distributed Digital Preservation in the Cloud, International Journal of Digital Curation (2013), 8(1), 107–119. Russell K. (2012). Digital preservation: Ensuring access to digital materials into the future.

Bay of Pigs Invasion :: essays research papers

Bay of Pigs Invasion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Cube on April 17, 1961, the United States was supposed to be apart of a missile attack. Many people were killed during this time and the whole thing became a complete failure. A week before the actual bombing was to occur, Kennedy had withdrawn his order to land aerial cover (Morrissey). This loss of nerve at a critical moment in time had caused the failure at the Bay of Pigs (Fernandez-Zayes). Kennedy’s decision to cancel air strikes was the result of the loss at the Bay of Pigs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1959, Fidel Castro had become the powerful leader of Cuba. Castro was a communist and became hostile to the Unite States two years after he became Cuba’s leader (Encarta). People associated with Castro had taken ownership over United States companies and Eisenhower was forced to put in place a trade embargo. Cubans during this time had gone to the United States to escape the communist leadership that Castro was imposing on people. When Eisenhower had told the CIA to train Cuban exiles, they were planning on an invasion when Kennedy became president (Encarta).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In April 1961, 1500 Cuban exiles made a landing at the Bay of Pigs (Encarta). The plan they had was to join with people who were against Castro to start a revolt. But things didn’t follow through because Kennedy didn’t send in the air support that was promised. Castro’s followers had killed most of the exiles and kept the others as prisoners. Castro wanted money for their release but Kennedy had refused to negotiate with him (Encarta). On December 25, 1962, 1113 prisoners were released in exchange for food and medical supplies that was worth a total of $53 million (J.A. Sierra). This never would have happened if Kennedy didn’t withdraw the aerial cover.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The other strategy that the United States had was to â€Å"go guerilla.† The troops there were not trained and not suitable for them. Things were against them because there was no place to hide, no way to communicate, no food, and no inhabitants to support them (Morrissey). The Zapata Peninsula was chosen by the CIA for the invasion and convinced them of the plan. The people thought it would be hard to get there because of the length of the mountains there. There were no motorized vehicles too get around. The area was swampy, isolated and uninhabited so there was no possibility of an uprising (Morrissey). Bay of Pigs Invasion :: essays research papers Bay of Pigs Invasion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Cube on April 17, 1961, the United States was supposed to be apart of a missile attack. Many people were killed during this time and the whole thing became a complete failure. A week before the actual bombing was to occur, Kennedy had withdrawn his order to land aerial cover (Morrissey). This loss of nerve at a critical moment in time had caused the failure at the Bay of Pigs (Fernandez-Zayes). Kennedy’s decision to cancel air strikes was the result of the loss at the Bay of Pigs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1959, Fidel Castro had become the powerful leader of Cuba. Castro was a communist and became hostile to the Unite States two years after he became Cuba’s leader (Encarta). People associated with Castro had taken ownership over United States companies and Eisenhower was forced to put in place a trade embargo. Cubans during this time had gone to the United States to escape the communist leadership that Castro was imposing on people. When Eisenhower had told the CIA to train Cuban exiles, they were planning on an invasion when Kennedy became president (Encarta).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In April 1961, 1500 Cuban exiles made a landing at the Bay of Pigs (Encarta). The plan they had was to join with people who were against Castro to start a revolt. But things didn’t follow through because Kennedy didn’t send in the air support that was promised. Castro’s followers had killed most of the exiles and kept the others as prisoners. Castro wanted money for their release but Kennedy had refused to negotiate with him (Encarta). On December 25, 1962, 1113 prisoners were released in exchange for food and medical supplies that was worth a total of $53 million (J.A. Sierra). This never would have happened if Kennedy didn’t withdraw the aerial cover.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The other strategy that the United States had was to â€Å"go guerilla.† The troops there were not trained and not suitable for them. Things were against them because there was no place to hide, no way to communicate, no food, and no inhabitants to support them (Morrissey). The Zapata Peninsula was chosen by the CIA for the invasion and convinced them of the plan. The people thought it would be hard to get there because of the length of the mountains there. There were no motorized vehicles too get around. The area was swampy, isolated and uninhabited so there was no possibility of an uprising (Morrissey).